The forex market is overwhelmingly dominated by international banks, government banks, investment banks, corporations, and hedge funds. In fact, individual traders account for only about 2 percent of the market. Nonetheless, a lot of people do try their hand at it, with varying degrees of success.

In the forex market, transactions are always handled in pairs: You buy one currency and sell another one. The idea is to make a trade when you believe the currency you're buying is going to go up in value compared to the one you're selling. Then, if it turns out your prediction was correct, you do another trade in the reverse direction -- selling the currency you originally bought and buying the one you sold -- in order to reap the profits. 

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When it comes to forex trading, there are many, many resources out there to help you learn the ropes. There are online courses, seminars and even one-on-one training available. But sometimes the best way to learn is the old-fashioned way: by reading a book.

The marketplace abounds with forex books, and many new traders find them the best way to learn because it allows them to re-read passages as many times as necessary to fully grasp the concepts. Imagine asking the speaker at a large public seminar to repeat himself and you can see why a book has its advantages! 

The question is, which forex book should you read? Like any other field, the forex trading world has its share of hucksters and liars. Be wary of any book that makes outrageous claims in its title or on the cover -- "Be a forex pro in an hour!" or "Make millions while you sleep!" for example. If a forex book promises something that's too good to be true, it probably is. And if the book downplays or neglects the inherent risk in forex trading, you should skip it. 

Finally, when considering a forex book, it's worth taking a few minutes to Google the author's name and see what comes up. Are there reviews of the book written by actual readers (not testimonials provided on the author's Web site)? Has the author been mentioned in any news stories? What is his or her background? Does he or she have any real-world trading experience, or do they just write forex books? Remember, those who can do, do. Those who can't do, teach. 

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For investors just starting out in the complicated, fast-paced world of foreign exchange, the whole thing can be very daunting, not to mention expensive, if the investor's rookie mistakes lead to some bad trades. To help people get their feet wet without losing their shirts, many brokers offer what's known as a mini forex account. 

Mini forex works exactly the same as regular forex trading. The only difference is that the investor only has to put a small amount of money into it to begin with -- as low as $100 or $200. (Regular forex accounts usually require 10 times that amount.) 

The advantage of a mini forex account is that it lets you learn the ropes of the forex market through hands-on experience -- books, lectures and demos can only teach you so much -- without risking more than a couple hundred dollars of your own money. All trading is risky in that it carries with it the possibility of failure. But with mini forex trading, the most you can lose is the $100 or $200 you initially put into it.

Mini forex carries the same risk, of course -- but since the amounts are so much small, the mini forex trader isn't losing much if he does hang on to a loser longer than he should. It's a sort of practice area to let the investor train himself to make good decisions. Once he's mastered the art, he can take off the mini forex training wheels and start investing much larger amounts.

Another benefit of mini forex trading is that it can be utilized by people who don't want to make forex trading their bread and butter but simply enjoy the thrill and competition of it. Forex trading can be fun, after all, but the fact that you're playing with large sums of money can make it more nerve-racking than enjoyable. Mini forex accounts bring it back down to the level of enjoyment, like playing penny-ante poker with your friends. The game is the same, but the stakes are much lower, and thus the experience is less risky.

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All speculation-based markets are full of uncertainty and none more so than the forex market. A currency might be strong and vibrant today, weak and sickly a month from now. One way to guard against major fluctuations like that is through forex option trading. 

A forex option is when you buy the right -- but not the obligation -- to buy or sell a particular currency at a particular rate any time between now and the expiration date of the option.

Let's say you're worried that the Japanese yen is going to drop in value sometime in the next six months. You might buy an option that basically locks in the current exchange rate for whatever period of time the option seller allows, usually anywhere from 30 days to six months. You set a number of yen, too. Say you choose 10,000 yen at a rate of 116 yen per U.S. dollar for three months. The option basically says, "I may want to sell 10,000 yen sometime in the next three months, but I'm worried the yen is going to devalue in that time. So I've locked in this rate of USD/JPY 116." 

Then three months pass. If your prediction was correct and the yen has weakened in that time -- say it's now USD/JPY 122 -- then you exercise your right to sell 10,000 yen at the rate you bought three months earlier. Everyone else selling yen today (everyone who didn't have a forex option, that is) is selling it at 122 per U.S. dollar, and you get to sell it at 116. 

If, on the other hand, the yen has stayed the same or gotten stronger, you are under no obligation to actually sell that 10,000 yen your option talked about. You can simply do nothing, and all you've lost is the premium you originally paid for the option. 

Ah yes, there is a premium. Brokers who sell forex options charge a fee for the privilege. Think of it as insurance; calling it a "premium" certainly fits. The price of a forex option for 10,000 yen for three months might be $200, which you must pay up front. If the yen drops enough in value, you'll hopefully turn enough of a profit to make up for the $200 you had to pay. If it increases in value, and you wind up not exercising the option, all you've lost is the $200 premium. 

Forex option trading used to be done only by major banks and corporations, but now many brokers who cater to individual traders offer the service, too. If you're a heavy-duty trader, a forex option is definitely something for consideration to guard against future setbacks in the currency you hold. 

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Forex is profitable because national currencies fluctuate from day to day based on predictions of the nation's gross domestic product and other factors. As with the stock market, the idea with the forex is to buy low and sell high: Buy a lot of a particular currency when it's weak, and then sell it when it becomes stronger. 

For example, bad financial news in Great Britain means that forex traders will be selling off their British pounds as fast as possible, as the pound is about to become devalued. Once the pound recovers, those traders will sell it for something else, thus turning a profit. 

Though we talk of "buying" and "selling" pounds, euros, yen and francs, the transactions performed in the forex are not literal. That is, if you want to buy 100,000 euros, you don't have to withdraw the equivalent U.S. dollars from your bank account and swap them out for a big stack of euros. Everything is done on paper only, though the resulting profits and losses are real. 

Because the transactions are not done physically, there is room in the forex for what are called "margins" or "leverage." Put simply, this means you don't have to actually put up the full amount of the position you're taking. Usually the margin is 1%, meaning that when you put $1,000 into it, you're actually getting $100,000. Of course, margins multiply your losses as well as your profits, so you have to be careful. 

One of the reasons for allowing a 100:1 margin like this is that the major world currencies in the forex market usually fluctuate less than 1% a day. (In the stock market, a typical stock might fluctuate as much as 10% in one day.) With changes that small your daily loss or gain on an initial investment of $1,000 would be almost imperceptible, usually less than $10 either way. By multiplying it by 100, the gains and losses in the forex market are more pronounced. 

With leverage implemented that way, the basic "lot" for buying and selling currencies is usually 100,000 (which only costs 1,000) of course. Most firms that handle day-trading on the forex market don't go any lower than that. 

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Forex traders know one of the advantages of their field is that the forex market is open 24 hours a day, five and a half days a week. But a 24-hour marketplace means there's forex news coming in constantly, too. With so much information coming from so many markets literally at all hours of the day, it can be hard to keep up with all the news available to you. 

But at the same time, an informed trader is a successful trader. To make informed decisions on when to buy and sell currencies, you'll have to keep an eye on all the news you can get your hands on. Many Web sites make it relatively easy for you by corralling the forex news into one place, often dividing it into subcategories for easy navigating. Any forex trader, whether new or experienced, should find a news source he likes and check it often. 

Many of these forex news sites also offer commentary and analysis, beyond just a simple ticking off of the latest rates. Here you'll find experts talking about the issues involved and perhaps offering insights beyond what you would have come up with on your own. Some news sites charge a registration fee for access to all their materials, but it can be worth it in the long run. 

Aside from running 24 hours a day, another reason there is constantly a stream of forex news is that so many factors can influence a currency's strength. Natural disasters, government actions and other things -- both foreseeable and not foreseeable -- can cause a nation's currency to go up or down in relative value. An experienced trader will look at all this news and know how to predict what effect it will have. 

Often, forex news isn't labeled as such. Any economic news at all can affect the forex market; a sharp-eyed trader is on the lookout constantly for news that might impact his trading. In other words, a good trader will have to be an expert on world affairs, monitoring political, social and other developments in other countries. All of this, combined with the more specific forex news dealing with the details of exchange rates and so forth, gives you the information you need to be successful at currency trading.  

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Because currency exchange covers the entire world and all 24 time zones, forex is a 24-hour-a-day market. This is good in that it results in billions upon billions of dollars of transactions per day. But it also means that forex traders have a constant influx of information to keep track of, unlike the stock market, where once trading closes at 5 p.m., that's it. So how do forex traders stay on top of things? Most of them use forex alerts of some kind. 

Forex alerts are available from many online forex brokers and other companies. A forex alert is simply a message sent to the user informing him of the latest developments in the forex market, often recommending action of some kind. These alerts can be sent via e-mail or cell phone text message. 

The idea behind them is that no one can follow all the markets all the time. Even if you limit yourself to just the "majors" -- U.S., Eurozone, Great Britain, Australia, Japan and Switzerland -- that's still 15 currency pairs to keep an eye on. What's more, sometimes things are steady for long periods of time, while other periods are marked by great activity. 

The sites that offer forex alerts go about it in one of two ways. Some simply send out alerts every 24 hours, offering the latest info on the forex market. Others send alerts only when something crucial happens. These systems use formulas of their own to determine what constitutes "something crucial," and they may charge a lot more for their more specific alerts. And of course it's still up to the individual trader to act on or disregard the information send to him in the alerts. 

Some brokers include forex alerts as part of their service, while others charge for them. Some are part of a wider alert program that also handles your stocks and bonds. You can tailor the type of alerts you get based on whether you're a conservative or aggressive trader, and how actively you plan to trade. 

Serious traders who use forex alerts swear by them. No system is perfect, of course, and a smart trader will always do a little browsing on his own to make sure his latest alert didn't miss anything. But alerts are an invaluable way for busy investors to go about their daily lives without having to constantly watch the forex rates. 

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